Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam with spillway in operation, releasing a massive volume of water in the late afternoon.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the Paraná River at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the largest in the world in energy generation. Inaugurated in 1984, its construction involved a binational agreement and mobilized about 40,000 workers. The dam is 7,919 meters long and 196 meters high, forming a reservoir that extends over 1,350 km².

The Itaipu spillway is an impressive structure designed to release excess water during flood periods or when power generation is reduced. With a flow capacity of up to 62,200 m³/s, equivalent to 40 times the average flow of Iguazu Falls, it is one of the largest on the planet. The falling water reaches speeds of up to 120 km/h, creating a visual and auditory spectacle.

The plant supplies about 10% of Brazil's energy consumption and 85% of Paraguay's. Its operation is controlled by a centralized system that optimizes generation according to demand. The dam also houses a tourist complex, with guided tours that include observation of the spillway when in operation.

In addition to power generation, Itaipu develops environmental and social projects in the region, such as preserving riparian forest areas and monitoring water quality. The plant is an example of international cooperation and large-scale engineering, attracting visitors from around the world interested in its magnitude and impact.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has an installed capacity of 14,000 MW, with 20 generating units of 700 MW each. In 2016, it set a record for annual production of 103.1 million MWh.

When is the Itaipu spillway opened?

The spillway is activated when the reservoir level exceeds the safety threshold, usually during heavy rainfall periods, or when energy demand is low and water needs to be released.

Can the Itaipu dam be visited?

Yes, the dam offers guided tours that include the spillway viewpoint, control room, and turbines. Tickets can be purchased online or on site.