Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam with spillway in operation, showing massive water release on an overcast day.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world. Inaugurated in 1984, its construction required billions of dollars and employed thousands of workers. The spillway, when activated, releases a flow of up to 62,200 m³/s, equivalent to 40 times the average flow of Iguazu Falls. This operation is necessary to control the reservoir level during flood periods or for turbine maintenance.

The main dam is 196 meters high and 7,919 meters long, forming a reservoir that spans 1,350 km². The plant has 20 generating units, each with a capacity of 700 MW, totaling 14,000 MW of installed capacity. In 2016, Itaipu set a world record for annual production, generating 103.1 million MWh.

In addition to power generation, Itaipu plays an important role in environmental preservation. The plant maintains a large protected area, with over 100,000 hectares of riparian forests and biological reserves. The spillway, besides its technical function, has become a tourist attraction, with visitors able to observe the force of the water from observation platforms.

The dam is a symbol of South American integration and a landmark of civil engineering. Its construction raised environmental and social controversies, but today it is recognized as an example of binational cooperation. The energy generated supplies about 10% of Brazil's consumption and 90% of Paraguay's, being essential for the economic development of the region.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the total generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has 20 generating units, each with 700 MW, totaling 14,000 MW of installed capacity. In 2016, it achieved the world's highest annual production: 103.1 million MWh.

Why is the Itaipu spillway activated?

The spillway is activated to control the reservoir level during heavy rain periods or to allow turbine maintenance. The flow can reach 62,200 m³/s.

On which river is Itaipu located?

The dam is built on the Paraná River, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, near the city of Foz do Iguaçu.