Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam with spillway in operation, capturing water release on an overcast day.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the largest in the world in terms of energy generation. Its construction began in the 1970s and was completed in 1984, involving a binational agreement, the displacement of thousands of people, and the alteration of the Paraná River's course. The spillway, shown in operation in the image, is a crucial structure for controlling the reservoir level and preventing floods, releasing excess water during high-flow periods.

Itaipu has an installed capacity of 14,000 megawatts, with 20 generating units. In 2016, the plant set a world record for annual production, generating 103.1 million MWh. The water released by the spillway can reach flow rates of up to 62,200 cubic meters per second, equivalent to 40 times the average flow of Iguazu Falls. This phenomenon attracts visitors and researchers interested in engineering and environmental impact.

The dam is a symbol of international cooperation and sustainable development. The reservoir, covering an area of 1,350 km², extends 170 km along the Paraná River. Spillway operation is constantly monitored to ensure structural safety and grid stability. Beyond energy generation, Itaipu develops environmental preservation and tourism projects, receiving over 500,000 visitors annually.

Interestingly, Itaipu's construction boosted the local economy and drove technological advances in the Brazilian electricity sector. The spillway, measuring 483 meters in length and 150 meters in width, is one of the largest structures of its kind in the world. Its operation is a visual spectacle demonstrating the power of modern engineering.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has an installed capacity of 14,000 MW with 20 generating units, making it one of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world.

What is the Itaipu spillway and what is its purpose?

The spillway is a structure that releases excess water from the reservoir, controlling the level and preventing floods. Its maximum flow rate is 62,200 m³/s.

How many visitors does Itaipu receive per year?

The dam receives over 500,000 visitors annually, who can tour the facilities and see the spillway in operation.