Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam during a massive water release at twilight, showcasing the power and scale of the infrastructure.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the largest in the world in terms of energy generation. Inaugurated in 1984 after a binational agreement, its construction required diverting the Paraná River and excavating 63 million cubic meters of earth and rock. The main dam is 7,235 meters long and 196 meters high, forming a reservoir that spans 1,350 km².

During flood periods or maintenance, the floodgates are opened to release excess water, creating a spectacle of raw natural power combined with engineering. Itaipu's spillway can discharge up to 62,200 cubic meters per second, enough to fill 25 Olympic-sized swimming pools in one second. The mist from the falling water frequently forms rainbows at twilight when sunlight hits at a low angle.

The plant supplies about 10% of Brazil's electricity consumption and 85% of Paraguay's. Its operation is a landmark of international cooperation, with shared management and tariffs that generate royalties for both countries. Over 10 million tourists have visited the complex since its opening, drawn by the magnitude of the structure and the landscape of the artificial lake.

Fun fact: during construction, 40,000 workers were employed on site, and the volume of concrete used would be enough to build 210 Maracanã stadiums. The dam also houses a visitor center with exhibits on renewable energy and sustainability.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many floodgates does the Itaipu dam have?

Itaipu has 18 spillway gates, each 20 meters wide and 21 meters high.

What is Itaipu's electricity generation capacity?

The plant has an installed capacity of 14 GW, with 20 generating units of 700 MW each.

Can you visit Itaipu?

Yes, guided tours are available, including the spillway and control room, plus a visitor center.