Graduation cap and diploma

The graduation cap and diploma symbolize the completion of higher education, a tradition dating back to medieval universities.

About this subject

The graduation cap, also known as a mortarboard, is a traditional accessory worn at commencement ceremonies. Its origins date back to 12th-century European universities, where scholars donned clerical robes. The square shape with a tassel represents the book (wisdom) and the student's transition to graduate status. The tassel, often in the color of the major or institution, is moved from the right to the left side during the ceremony, marking the achievement of the diploma.

The diploma itself is the official document certifying the completion of a higher education program. In Brazil, diplomas are registered with educational institutions and recognized by the Ministry of Education (MEC). The graduation ceremony, where the cap and diploma are symbolically presented, is a rite of passage celebrating years of study. Many universities include a professional oath, such as for law or medicine, reinforcing ethical commitments.

Globally, traditions vary. In the United States, the cap is worn with academic gowns whose colors indicate field of study; in countries like Japan, graduation includes wearing hakama (traditional attire). The graduation cap appears as an emoji, symbolizing educational achievement. Interestingly, the term 'mortarboard' comes from its resemblance to a mason's board for holding mortar; the tassel historically distinguished masters in medieval times.

Despite its long tradition, contemporary debates question the sustainability and cost of graduation regalia, with alternatives like reusable caps or gown-less ceremonies. Nevertheless, the cap and diploma remain universal icons of academic effort and the transition to professional life.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the graduation cap square?

The square shape originated from the medieval biretta worn by clergy and scholars, symbolizing the book of knowledge. Some believe it represents the square of wisdom or the cover of a book.

What does the tassel on the graduation cap mean?

The tassel indicates the field of study and academic level. During commencement, it is moved from right to left when the diploma is awarded, symbolizing the completion of the degree.

Is a Brazilian diploma valid in other countries?

It depends on recognition agreements. Diplomas from institutions accredited by the MEC may be revalidated in countries with reciprocal treaties, such as Mercosur members, but each country has its own process.