Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of Itaipu hydroelectric dam with massive water release, one of the largest in the world.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the Paraná River at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is the second largest in the world by installed capacity, with 14,000 MW. Inaugurated in 1984, its construction took 18 years and involved a binational agreement. The dam is 7,919 meters long and 196 meters high, forming a reservoir that extends over 1,350 km². Water release occurs mainly during flood periods or for maintenance, with flow rates up to 62,200 m³/s, equivalent to 40 times the average flow of Iguazu Falls. Itaipu supplies about 10% of Brazil's electricity consumption and 86% of Paraguay's. In 2016, it set a world record for annual production, generating 103.1 million MWh. The plant is an example of engineering and international cooperation, attracting visitors from around the world. The spillway, when in operation, creates an impressive visual spectacle, with water columns visible from kilometers away.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has an installed capacity of 14,000 MW, with 20 generating units. In 2016, it achieved the highest annual production in the world: 103.1 million MWh.

How does the Itaipu spillway work?

The spillway releases excess water from the reservoir, especially during heavy rains. It has 14 gates and can release up to 62,200 m³/s.

Is Itaipu the largest hydroelectric dam in the world?

No, Itaipu is the second largest in installed capacity, behind the Three Gorges Dam in China (22,500 MW). However, Itaipu leads in annual production.