Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam during a controlled water release at twilight.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the world's largest in terms of energy generation. Inaugurated in 1984, its construction required diverting the Paraná River and removing 50 million cubic meters of earth and rock. The dam stands 196 meters tall and stretches 7,919 meters in length, forming a reservoir that covers 1,350 km². During flood periods or maintenance, the spillways are opened to release excess water, creating a spectacle with flow rates reaching 40,000 cubic meters per second. This controlled operation is crucial for the structure's safety and to prevent downstream flooding. The plant supplies about 10% of Brazil's electricity consumption and 86% of Paraguay's, symbolizing binational cooperation. Twilight at the site offers a dramatic contrast between the dam's concrete and the intense water flow.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has 20 generating units totaling 14,000 MW of installed capacity. In 2023, it generated about 85 million MWh, a world record for annual production.

Why is water released through the spillways?

Water is released to control reservoir levels during heavy rains or for turbine maintenance. The flow is planned to minimize environmental impacts and ensure safety.

Is Itaipu the largest hydroelectric dam in the world?

In installed capacity, Itaipu was surpassed by China's Three Gorges Dam (22,500 MW). However, in annual generation, Itaipu often leads due to consistent rainfall patterns.