Flippers pinball closeup

Closeup of pinball flippers reveals mechanical details and classic design that defines gameplay of vintage arcades.

About this subject

Flippers are the most iconic components of a pinball machine. These player-controlled levers strike the metal ball, keeping it in play and allowing players to aim at specific targets. Their typical paddle shape with a rubber tip results from decades of technical evolution. Before their invention, early pinball machines were passive: the player simply launched the ball and watched. The revolution came in 1947 when Steve Kordek, an engineer at D. Gottlieb & Co., created the first solenoid-operated flipper in the game 'Humpty Dumpty'. Initially, there were two pairs, but soon the standard single pair at the bottom became the norm. Mechanically, each flipper is activated by a solenoid that, when energized, pulls a rod attached to the lever. A spring returns the flipper to its original position. The rubber tip absorbs impact and provides grip on the ball. The angle and length of the flipper directly influence required skill: shorter flippers demand precision, while longer ones offer more control. Culturally, flippers are synonymous with arcades. Professional pinball tournaments test players' dexterity with these levers. Classic models like 'The Addams Family' and 'Medieval Madness' are celebrated for their flipper design. The tactile feel of pressing the side buttons and watching the flipper instantly respond is a core part of arcade nostalgia.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do pinball flippers work?

Each flipper is powered by an electromagnetic solenoid. When the player presses the side button, electric current activates the solenoid, which pulls a rod and lifts the flipper. A spring returns it to the original position when the button is released.

Who invented pinball flippers?

Engineer Steve Kordek invented the first solenoid-operated flipper in 1947 for Gottlieb's machine 'Humpty Dumpty'. Before that, machines had no active controls to hit the ball.

Why are the tips of flippers made of rubber?

The rubber cushions the impact of the ball and provides grip, preventing it from slipping. This allows greater control and precision in shots, and also reduces wear on metal components.