Flippers pinball closeup

Close-up of pinball flippers, the mechanical arms that control the ball in classic arcade games from the 1970s and 1980s.

About this subject

Flippers are the primary interactive mechanism in a pinball machine. Invented in 1947 by Steve Bristow and Harry Mabs for Gottlieb's Humpty Dumpty, they revolutionized the game by allowing players to actively strike the ball, unlike earlier games where the ball merely fell passively. Each flipper is a paddle-shaped lever activated by a solenoid when the player presses a side button. The quick and precise movement of the flipper is essential for keeping the ball in play and hitting specific targets.

Flipper design has evolved over time. Early machines featured only one pair at the bottom. Later models introduced multiple flippers, magnetic flippers, and even automatically moving flippers. The isometric layout, seen in many modern machines, provides a three-dimensional view of the playfield. Classic flippers, such as those on The Addams Family machine (1992), are remembered for their tactile response and distinctive sound.

Culturally, flippers became an icon of 1980s and 1990s arcades. They represent the skill and timing needed for high scores. World pinball championships, like the Pinball Expo, celebrate players' mastery of flippers. Maintenance of these parts is critical: worn rubbers or weak solenoids impair gameplay, leading to a dedicated community of vintage machine restorers.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who invented pinball flippers?

Pinball flippers were invented by Steve Bristow and Harry Mabs, engineers at Gottlieb, and first appeared in the game Humpty Dumpty in 1947.

How do pinball flippers work mechanically?

Each flipper is activated by an electromagnetic solenoid that, when energized, pulls a pivoting lever. A spring returns the flipper to its original position when the button is released.

What is the importance of flippers in pinball?

Flippers are essential for keeping the ball in play, allowing precise hits to targets, ramps, and scoring features. Without them, the game would be passive and less challenging.