Flippers pinball closeup

Flippers are mechanical devices that control the ball's trajectory in pinball machines, allowing the player to keep the ball in play.

About this subject

Flippers are the most iconic components of a pinball machine. They are lever arms operated by side buttons that trigger electromagnetic solenoids to move the paddles. Each flipper features a dual-coil mechanism: a power coil for the upward swing (strong and fast) and a hold coil to keep the flipper raised. This system allows the player to shoot the ball with precision and execute moves like 'slap saves' or 'drop catches'.

The modern flipper was invented by Harry Mabs, an engineer at Gottlieb, in 1947. The 'Humpty Dumpty' model was the first to include controllable flippers, revolutionizing a game that had been purely passive. Before flippers, players could only nudge the machine. The introduction of flippers turned pinball into a skill-based game, influencing the design of every subsequent machine.

Flipper paddles are typically made of reinforced plastic with metal cores, and their curved shape optimizes ball contact. The rubber rings along the edges, called 'flipper rubber', are replaceable when worn. In modern machines, magnetic sensors detect the flipper's position to trigger sound effects or lighting. Professional pinball tournaments use specific adjustments for flipper pressure and angle to ensure consistency across machines.

Fun fact: the word 'flipper' is also used for aquatic insects (like ghost shrimp) that move similarly. In many countries, pinball machines are colloquially called 'flippers' due to these components. Maintenance is crucial: worn or dirty flippers degrade accuracy and gameplay enjoyment.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do pinball flippers work?

Flippers are operated by side buttons that trigger electromagnetic solenoids. Each flipper has two coils: a power coil for the upward swing and a hold coil to keep it raised, allowing precise ball control.

Who invented pinball flippers?

Engineer Harry Mabs from Gottlieb invented controllable flippers in 1947 on the 'Humpty Dumpty' model. Before that, machines had no flippers and players could only nudge the table.

Why are flippers important to pinball?

Flippers transformed pinball from a game of chance into a skill game. They allow players to control the ball's trajectory, perform advanced maneuvers, and extend play, making them essential to gameplay.