Peregrine falcon close

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is the fastest animal on Earth, reaching speeds over 320 km/h during its hunting dive.

About this subject

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a cosmopolitan bird of prey found on every continent except Antarctica. With a wingspan of 80 to 120 cm, it has a streamlined body and a long, narrow tail. Its most striking feature is its speed: during the stoop, a vertical hunting dive, it can exceed 320 km/h, making it the fastest animal on Earth. These falcons primarily feed on pigeons, ducks, and gulls, caught mid-flight.

The species suffered a dramatic decline in the mid-20th century due to the use of DDT, which caused eggshell thinning and reduced reproductive success. After the pesticide was banned in many countries, the peregrine falcon rebounded and is now listed as least concern by the IUCN. Reintroduction programs, such as those in the United States and Europe, helped reestablish populations in urban areas, where they nest on skyscrapers and bridges.

In falconry, the peregrine falcon is one of the most prized species, used for centuries for its hunting prowess and relative docility when trained. Historical falconers, from feudal Japan to medieval Europe, employed peregrines to hunt noble quarry. Today, they are also used at airports for bird control, preventing collisions with aircraft. The species has several subspecies, such as Falco peregrinus peregrinus (Europe) and Falco peregrinus anatum (North America), adapted to different habitats.

A curious fact: peregrine falcons have a nictitating membrane that protects their eyes during the dive, and their bones are hollow and light, aiding flight. Their vision is exceptional, estimated to be up to eight times more acute than human vision, allowing them to spot prey from kilometers away.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the speed of a peregrine falcon?

The peregrine falcon can reach over 320 km/h during its hunting dive, called the stoop, making it the fastest animal on Earth.

Why are peregrine falcons used in falconry?

They are prized for their exceptional hunting ability, intelligence, and trainability. Historically, they were used by nobles to hunt quarry such as ducks and pigeons.

How did the peregrine falcon recover from the threat of extinction?

The ban on DDT in the 1970s, combined with captive breeding and reintroduction programs, allowed the species to recover. It is now listed as 'least concern' by the IUCN.