Oghams celtic stone

Stones inscribed with Ogham, the early Celtic alphabet used in Ireland between the 4th and 7th centuries, reveal aspects of Gaelic language and culture.

About this subject

Ogham is an alphabetic writing system developed in ancient Ireland, likely in the 4th century AD. It consists of notches carved on stone or wood, representing letters and sounds. The most common inscriptions are found on Ogham stones, serving as boundary markers or memorials. There are an estimated 400 to 600 surviving stones, mostly in Ireland, but also in Britain and the Isle of Man.

The Ogham script comprises 20 original letters (feda), grouped into four families (aicme), each with five letters. Each letter is represented by a number of notches perpendicular to a central line. Reading is typically from bottom to top. The alphabet was used to write in Primitive Irish, an archaic form of Gaelic.

Ogham stones are a crucial source for the study of Celtic history and linguistics. Many bear personal names and clan references, indicating social structure at that time. A curious fact is that Ogham also appears in medieval manuscripts, like the Book of Ballymote, which describes the alphabet and its variants. The Kilnasaggart Stone in Northern Ireland is one of the best-preserved examples, dating from the 7th century.

Although its use declined with Christianization and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, Ogham remains a symbol of Celtic heritage. Today, it is often associated with spirituality and neopagan culture, but its historical value remains invaluable to linguists and archaeologists.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are Ogham stones?

They are stones inscribed with Ogham, an ancient Celtic alphabet used in Ireland between the 4th and 7th centuries. They mainly served as boundary markers or gravestones.

How many letters does the Ogham alphabet have?

The original Ogham has 20 letters, called feda, divided into four groups of five. Later, five supplementary letters were added for foreign sounds.

Where can I see Ogham stones today?

Most are in Ireland, especially in counties like Kerry, Cork, and Waterford. There are also examples in Britain, such as in Cornwall and Wales.