Oghams celtic stone

Stone with Ogham inscriptions, an early medieval Irish alphabet dated between the 4th and 7th centuries AD.

About this subject

Ogham is an alphabetic writing system used primarily for lapidary inscriptions in the Primitive Irish language, dating from the 4th to the 7th centuries AD. It consists of twenty basic letters, each represented by a combination of strokes and notches along a central line, usually carved on stone or wood. Ogham stones, like the one depicted in the image, are found predominantly in Ireland but also in western Britain, especially in regions of Gaelic influence such as Wales and Cornwall.

These inscriptions often record personal names and genealogical references, serving as markers of land ownership or memorials. Over 400 Ogham stones survive, most from the early Christian period. The alphabet was adapted from the Latin alphabet, but its mythological origin is described in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, the Book of Invasions, which attributes its creation to the god Ogma, known for his eloquence.

The study of Ogham provides valuable insights into early Irish society, the transition from paganism to Christianity, and cultural connections among the Celtic peoples of the British Isles. Although its use declined after the 7th century, Ogham remains an enduring symbol of Celtic heritage and is often rediscovered in modern neopagan contexts.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Ogham alphabet?

Ogham is an alphabetic writing system used in Ireland and parts of Britain between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, consisting of twenty basic letters represented by strokes and notches along a central line.

Where are Ogham stones found?

Most Ogham stones are in Ireland, especially in County Kerry, Cork, and Waterford. There are also examples in western Britain, such as Wales and Cornwall.

How to decipher Ogham inscriptions?

Reading Ogham follows an alphabetical order based on groups of strokes. Each letter corresponds to a sound, and inscriptions are typically read from bottom to top or from left to right along the edge of the stone.