Eagle hunter mongolia

Kazakh eagle hunters in Mongolia keep alive a millennia-old tradition of falconry with golden eagles.

About this subject

The tradition of eagle hunting in Mongolia is primarily practiced by the Kazakh people, an ethnic minority inhabiting the western mountains, especially in Bayan-Ölgii province. This practice, known as falconry with golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), dates back over 2,000 years and has been passed down through generations. Hunters, called 'berkutchi', domesticate and train female golden eagles, which are larger and more aggressive than males, to hunt foxes, hares, and even wolves during the harsh Mongolian winter.

The annual eagle hunting festival, held in Bayan-Ölgii during October, attracts competitors from across the region and gained global visibility after the documentary series 'The Eagle Huntress', which featured a Kazakh girl challenging patriarchal traditions. Competitions include tests of obedience, speed, and skill in catching moving prey. The eagle is taken to the top of a mountain, and the hunter releases it so that it reaches maximum speed before landing on their arm protected by a leather glove.

The relationship between the hunter and their eagle is one of deep mutual trust. Contrary to popular belief, eagles are not kept in captivity for life; after a few years of partnership, hunters release them so they can breed and hunt on their own. Intensive training begins with capturing eagle chicks from nests, and the taming process can take weeks. Berkutchi use animal skins and bait to reinforce hunting behavior.

Today, the practice faces challenges due to urbanization, tourism, and climate change affecting eagle and prey habitats. However, the tradition persists as a symbol of cultural pride and identity among Mongolian Kazakhs. Local government and international organizations have supported preservation efforts, including environmental protection measures and encouragement of responsible ecotourism.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where exactly does eagle hunting take place in Mongolia?

Primarily in Bayan-Ölgii province in the far west of the country, where the majority of the population is ethnic Kazakh.

Why are eagles released after a few years?

Hunters believe in respecting the eagle's natural life cycle. After a few years of partnership, they are released to breed and hunt without human assistance.

Is there any risk to the golden eagle population?

Yes, the capture of chicks and habitat loss can impact the species. Therefore, regulations and conservation efforts are in place to ensure the tradition's sustainability.