Eagle hunter mongolia

Mongolian eagle hunter, ancient Kazakh tradition in the Altai mountains, captured in a dramatic aerial shot.

About this subject

Eagle hunting in Mongolia is an ancient practice of the Kazakh people, who inhabit the western part of the country, especially the Bayan-Ölgii province. This tradition, known as berkutchi, involves using golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to hunt foxes and hares during winter. Hunters, called berkutchi, capture eagle chicks around four years old and train them for months, building a deep bond with the birds. The training process includes controlled fasting, exposure to horses and dogs, and simulated hunts. Eagles are kept on special perches and fed fresh meat to maintain their strength and loyalty.

The Bayan-Ölgii region is known for its mountainous landscapes and harsh climate, with temperatures that can drop below -40°C in winter. Hunters wear traditional fur clothing, such as fox hats and sheepskin coats, for protection. Hunting is done on horseback, with the eagle perched on the hunter's arm, which is covered by a thick leather glove. When prey is spotted, the eagle is released and dives at high speed to capture it. This practice is not only a subsistence activity but also a symbol of status and skill among nomadic herders.

Today, eagle hunting faces challenges due to modernization and cultural changes. However, the annual Mongolian Eagle Festival in Bayan-Ölgii helps preserve and promote this tradition. The festival attracts tourists worldwide and includes hunting competitions, bird exhibitions, and equestrian skill demonstrations. In 2010, UNESCO recognized eagle hunting as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Kazakhstan and Mongolia. It is estimated that there are about 400 active eagle hunters in the country, keeping this ancient legacy alive.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does one become an eagle hunter in Mongolia?

Traditionally, knowledge is passed from father to son. The apprentice starts by helping care for the birds and, after years of training, receives their own eagle. They must master capture, training, and hunting techniques, as well as endure the extreme climate.

What type of eagle is used in Mongolian hunting?

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is preferred, especially females, which are larger and more aggressive. They are captured in the wild at around four years old and trained to hunt.

Where is this tradition practiced in Mongolia?

Mainly in Bayan-Ölgii province in western Mongolia, which has the largest Kazakh population. The Altai mountains provide a perfect habitat for eagles and prey like foxes and hares.