Devil tower wyoming

Devils Tower, the first U.S. national monument, is a striking rock formation in Wyoming with volcanic origins and sacred significance for several Native American tribes.

About this subject

Devils Tower, located in northeastern Wyoming, is an iconic geological formation that rises 386 meters above the surrounding terrain. Proclaimed as the first U.S. national monument in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt, the site attracts visitors from around the globe. Geologically, the tower is a laccolith or volcanic plug composed of phonolite porphyry, an igneous rock. Its vertical columns, often hexagonal, result from slow cooling of magma beneath the surface, followed by differential erosion that exposed the structure.

For indigenous peoples of the region, such as the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Kiowa, the site is known as Bear Lodge or Mato Tipila and holds deep spiritual significance. Various legends explain the vertical marks on the rock as the claws of a giant bear. The monument is surrounded by a landscape of prairies and pine forests, hosting wildlife like deer, elk, and eagles.

Rock climbing is a popular activity but is regulated to respect Native traditions. During the month of June, many tribes hold ceremonies, and climbing is voluntarily suspended. The formation also gained fame from the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) by Steven Spielberg, which boosted its worldwide recognition. Geological studies indicate the tower is about 50 million years old, though the current columns may be younger due to ongoing erosional processes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the exact height of Devils Tower?

The summit of Devils Tower is 1,558 meters above sea level, and the formation rises 386 meters from its base.

Can you climb Devils Tower?

Yes, climbing is allowed but requires registration and respect for the voluntary closure in June when Native tribes hold sacred ceremonies.

What is the origin of the tower's hexagonal columns?

The columns formed due to slow, uniform cooling of magma, which contracted and created columnar joints, typical of igneous rocks like basalt and phonolite.