Biomass plant wood chips

Biomass plants convert wood chips into energy, a renewable alternative that utilizes forestry residues and reduces emissions.

About this subject

Biomass plants generate electricity or heat by burning organic matter, such as wood chips. In Brazil, the forestry sector supplies about 8 million tons of wood chips annually, mainly from planted eucalyptus and pine forests. This source is considered renewable because the carbon released during combustion is reabsorbed as trees grow, completing the cycle in 5 to 7 years.

Wood chips are produced from branches, bark, and low-grade industrial wood that would otherwise be discarded. In 2023, Brazil's installed biomass capacity reached 15 GW, accounting for 9% of the electricity matrix. Most plants operate in cogeneration, also using steam for industrial processes, such as in pulp and paper mills.

However, biomass sustainability depends on responsible harvesting and efficient transportation. Studies show that replacing coal with wood chips can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80%. Globally, countries like Sweden and Finland lead the use, with biomass representing over 20% of their primary energy. Gasification and clean combustion technologies continue to evolve to minimize particulate matter emissions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are wood chips and how are they used in biomass plants?

Wood chips are small pieces of wood from forestry residues. In biomass plants, they are burned in boilers to produce steam that drives turbines, generating electricity or heat.

Is wood biomass energy truly sustainable?

Yes, if the wood comes from responsibly managed forests. The regrowth of trees reabsorbs the emitted carbon, and biomass can replace fossil fuels, reducing net emissions.

What is biomass's share in Brazil's electricity mix?

In 2023, biomass (including sugarcane bagasse and wood chips) accounted for about 9% of Brazil's installed electricity capacity, totaling 15 GW.