Underground tube london

The London Underground, known as the Tube, is the world's oldest underground railway system, opened in 1863.

About this subject

The London Underground, commonly called the Tube, is one of the most iconic public transport systems in the world. Opened on January 10, 1863, the first line, the Metropolitan Railway, connected Paddington to Farringdon using steam trains. Today, the system comprises 11 lines, 272 stations, and about 402 kilometers of track, mostly underground in central London but with surface sections in the suburbs. The name "Tube" comes from the cylindrical shape of the deep-level tunnels bored through London clay, especially on the older lines.

Harry Beck's 1931 Tube map revolutionized transport diagram design by using straight lines and 45-degree angles, inspiring metro maps worldwide. The fleet is electrically powered, and several historic stations, such as Baker Street and King's Cross, retain Victorian architectural features. Services run from around 5 a.m. to 1 a.m., with some Night Tube lines operating on weekends.

Notably, the system faces challenges like overcrowding, delays, and the need for modernization, but it remains vital for the mobility of millions of Londoners and tourists. On peak days, around 5 million journeys are made. The iconic roundel logo is recognized globally as a symbol of London. The Tube also played a crucial role during World War II, when stations were used as air-raid shelters.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the oldest line of the London Underground?

The oldest line is the Metropolitan Railway, opened in 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon. It now forms part of the Metropolitan line.

How many stations does the London Underground have?

The system has 272 stations, some of which are shared with the National Rail network.

Why is the London Underground called the Tube?

The nickname "Tube" comes from the cylindrical shape of the deep-level tunnels bored through London clay, resembling tubes. The first deep-level lines opened in 1890.