Mount kilauea lava

Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is one of the most active in the world, with frequent eruptions of basaltic lava that shape the landscape and attract scientists and tourists.

About this subject

Kilauea is a shield volcano located on the Big Island of Hawaii, within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Its eruptive activity has been nearly continuous since 1983, most notably the East Rift Zone eruption that lasted from 1983 to 2018. The lava emitted by Kilauea is basaltic, characterized by low viscosity, allowing it to flow long distances before solidifying. This lava forms two main types: pahoehoe, with a smooth, ropy surface, and aa, which is rougher and more fragmented.

The 2018 eruption was particularly devastating, destroying hundreds of homes and dramatically altering the island's southeastern coastline. The collapse of Kilauea's summit caldera during this eruption created a new crater over 500 meters deep. Lava entering the ocean forms solidified lava platforms and releases acidic steam, creating a phenomenon known as “laze” (a combination of lava and haze).

Culturally, Kilauea is sacred to Native Hawaiians, who associate it with the goddess Pele, the deity of fire and volcanoes. Many offerings are left at the caldera rim as a sign of respect. Scientifically, Kilauea is one of the most monitored volcanoes on Earth, serving as a natural laboratory for studying magmatic processes and eruption dynamics. Its constant activity also attracts thousands of visitors each year, who can observe the lava up close from safe designated areas within the park.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Kilauea currently erupting?

Yes, Kilauea resumed erupting in January 2023 at the summit caldera within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Activity is closely monitored by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.

What types of lava does Kilauea produce?

Kilauea primarily produces basaltic lava, which comes in two types: pahoehoe (smooth, ropy surface) and aa (rough, fragmented surface). Both are common in its eruptions.

Is it safe to visit Kilauea during an eruption?

Yes, as long as visitors follow park guidelines and stay in designated areas. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park maintains safe trails and viewpoints for observation, but it is important to check hazard alerts before visiting.