Last supper detail

A detail of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper reveals the apostles' expressions and gestures in response to the announcement of betrayal.

About this subject

The Last Supper is a mural painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1495 and 1498 on the wall of the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie convent in Milan. Unlike traditional frescoes, Leonardo used tempera on a dry wall preparation, which caused rapid deterioration as early as the 16th century. The painting captures the moment Jesus announces that one of his twelve apostles will betray him, triggering intense and individual reactions.

Each apostle is depicted with a unique expression and posture, grouped in threes reacting with shock, denial, or anger. Judas, isolated and shadowy, clutches a small bag of silver. The masterful composition uses linear perspective to draw the eye to the center: the serene figure of Jesus. The hand gestures and eye directions create an emotional dynamic that influenced generations of artists.

Due to experimental techniques and environmental conditions, the painting began to peel shortly after completion. During World War II, the refectory was bombed, but the Last Supper wall survived protected by sandbags. Between 1978 and 1999, a long and controversial restoration removed centuries of overpainting, revealing original colors and lost details. Today, the artwork attracts millions of visitors and remains an icon of the Renaissance.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is Leonardo's Last Supper so damaged?

Leonardo's experimental technique, using tempera on dry plaster, did not adhere well, causing early flaking. Floods and bombing during World War II worsened the damage. Recent restorations have stabilized the painting.

What is the meaning of the apostles' gestures in the painting?

Leonardo depicted each apostle reacting distinctly to the announcement of betrayal. Hand gestures and facial expressions show shock, denial, or anger, while Judas stands out with his somber posture and money bag.

Where is the original Last Supper located?

The painting is in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie convent in Milan, Italy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and requires advance booking due to limited capacity.