Flippers pinball closeup

Close-up of pinball flippers, detailing the mechanism that turned pinball into a game of skill.

About this subject

The flipper, also known as a paddle or bat, is the most iconic component of a pinball machine. Invented in 1947 by Gottlieb in the game "Humpty Dumpty," the flipper allowed players to actively interact with the ball, sending it back into the playing field. Before that, pinball machines were purely mechanical, relying solely on luck and gravity. The modern design with two flippers at the bottom of the table was popularized by the 1948 game "Triple Action." Each flipper is activated by a solenoid (electromagnetic coil) that, when energized, pulls a rod attached to the flipper, causing it to swing quickly. A return spring ensures it returns to its original position. Durability is key: in well-maintained machines, a set of flippers can last decades, but the rubber tips wear out with heavy use. Beyond their function, flippers are symbols of arcade culture, representing the moment a player "saves" the ball from draining. Maintenance involves cleaning electrical contacts and adjusting spring tension. In tournaments, sensitivity and timing of activation are practiced extensively. Interestingly, the term "flipper" is also used in other contexts, such as virtual pinball machines and digital simulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does a pinball flipper mechanism work?

The flipper is activated by a solenoid: an electromagnetic coil that pulls a rod, rotating the flipper. A return spring brings it back. The player controls the timing of the button press.

Who invented the pinball flipper and when?

The flipper was invented by Gottlieb in 1947 for the game 'Humpty Dumpty'. Initially there were three pairs of flippers along the playfield. The current two-flipper bottom design emerged in 1948.

What maintenance do pinball flippers require?

Maintenance includes cleaning the solenoid electrical contacts, replacing worn rubber tips, and adjusting spring tension to ensure fast and consistent response.