Eagle hunter mongolia

Eagle hunters in western Mongolia practice falconry with golden eagles, a millennia-old nomadic tradition of the Kazakhs.

About this subject

Eagle hunting is an ancient tradition practiced by Kazakh ethnic groups in Bayan-Ölgii province, western Mongolia. Hunters, known as berkutchi, use golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to hunt foxes and hares in the Altai Mountains. This practice dates back over 2,000 years and has been passed down through generations of nomadic herders in the region.

The eagles used are almost always females, as they are larger and more aggressive. An adult can weigh up to 6 kg with a wingspan of 2.3 meters. Training begins when the eagle is still young, usually captured at around two years of age. The process involves controlled fasting, constant handling, and associating the falconer with food. After a few months, the eagle is ready to hunt, but the partnership lasts only a few years, as the birds are released back into the wild to breed.

Cultural significance is immense. Eagle hunting is recognized as part of humanity's intangible heritage by UNESCO since 2010. Annually, the Golden Eagle Festival takes place in Ölgii, where dozens of hunters compete in skills like calling the eagle from long distances and hunting artificial prey. The festival attracts tourists from around the world and helps preserve this art.

Today, the tradition faces modern challenges such as declining wild prey and rural exodus. However, cultural pride and support from sustainable tourism have kept the practice alive. It is estimated that about 250 active eagle hunters remain in Mongolia, maintaining one of the most authentic examples of nomadic falconry on Earth.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do hunters train eagles in Mongolia?

Hunters capture young eagles around two years old and train them through controlled fasting and associating the falconer with food. After months, the eagle learns to hunt and return to the hunter.

Which eagle species is used in traditional Mongolian hunting?

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is used, preferably females, which are larger and stronger, with a wingspan of up to 2.3 meters.

Where does the eagle hunting tradition take place in Mongolia?

Mainly in Bayan-Ölgii province in western Mongolia, in the Altai Mountains region, with a predominantly Kazakh population.