Tourbillon watch detail

The tourbillon is one of the most iconic mechanisms in high horology, created to compensate for the effects of gravity on pocket watches.

About this subject

The tourbillon was invented by Swiss-French watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet in 1795 and patented in 1801. Originally designed for pocket watches, which were worn upright, the mechanism rotates the escapement and balance wheel in a revolving cage, usually completing one rotation per minute. This rotational motion averages out gravitational errors, improving accuracy. Today, tourbillons are more a display of craftsmanship than a practical necessity, as modern wristwatches are less affected by gravity due to constant arm movement. Nonetheless, they remain highly coveted by collectors and enthusiasts, with complications including flying tourbillons, multi-axis tourbillons, and skeletonized dials. Brands like Patek Philippe, Audemars Piguet, and Jaeger-LeCoultre produce some of the finest examples. A tourbillon watch costs from tens of thousands to millions of dollars for limited editions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of a tourbillon in a watch?

The tourbillon was designed to counteract errors caused by gravity by rotating the escapement and balance wheel. In modern wristwatches, its practical benefit is limited, but it remains a hallmark of high horology and precision.

Who invented the tourbillon and when?

The tourbillon was invented by watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet in 1795, with a patent granted in 1801. Breguet is regarded as one of the greatest innovators in watchmaking history.

What is the difference between a flying tourbillon and a traditional one?

In a traditional tourbillon, the cage is supported by bridges on both sides. In a flying tourbillon, the cage is attached only from one side, usually underneath, creating a lighter appearance and better visibility of the mechanism.