Pizza margherita wood fired oven

Margherita pizza baked in a wood-fired oven is an icon of Neapolitan cuisine, featuring tomato sauce, buffalo mozzarella, and fresh basil.

About this subject

Margherita pizza, created in Naples in the late 19th century, was named after Queen Margherita of Savoy during her visit to the city. Chef Raffaele Esposito prepared a pizza with the colors of the Italian flag: red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). This simple, balanced combination became the most famous pizza in the world.

The wood-fired oven is essential for authentic preparation. Temperatures reach around 400°C to 485°C, cooking the pizza in just 60 to 90 seconds. This creates a crust that is crunchy on the outside and soft inside, with small charred bubbles called leopard spots. The wood used is typically oak, beech, or olive, which burns steadily and imparts a subtle smoky flavor.

Margherita ingredients follow strict guidelines from the Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN). Mozzarella must be buffalo mozzarella or fior di latte, tomatoes San Marzano, and basil fresh. The sauce is raw, just crushed peeled tomatoes with salt. The pizza does not include oregano, garlic, or excessive olive oil, only a drizzle before baking.

Today, margherita pizza is enjoyed worldwide, but the wood-fired version is still considered the most traditional. In Brazil, artisanal Neapolitan pizzerias thrive in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and other capitals, following the ancient technique. The contrast between the dough's texture and the freshness of the ingredients makes this pizza an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the ideal temperature of a wood-fired oven for Margherita pizza?

The ideal temperature is between 400°C and 485°C, allowing the pizza to bake in 60 to 90 seconds, resulting in a crunchy yet soft crust.

Which ingredients are allowed by the Neapolitan tradition?

The authentic recipe uses San Marzano tomatoes, buffalo mozzarella or fior di latte, fresh basil, salt, and extra virgin olive oil. It does not include oregano or garlic.

Why is Margherita pizza considered a cultural heritage?

The art of Neapolitan pizzaiolos was recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity in 2017, due to its tradition and techniques passed down through generations.