Harpsichord baroque

The Baroque harpsichord, a keyboard instrument with plucked strings, was the backbone of 17th- and 18th-century music, featured in works by Bach, Handel, and Scarlatti.

About this subject

The harpsichord is a keyboard instrument that produces sound by plucking strings with plectra, unlike the piano which strikes them with hammers. During the Baroque period (roughly 1600-1750), it was the dominant keyboard instrument, used both for solo works and accompaniment. Its bright, articulate tone was ideal for the intricate polyphony typical of the era.

Baroque harpsichords often had one or two manuals (keyboards), sometimes with stops that allowed timbral variations, such as a lute stop or echo effect. They were crafted from fine woods like oak and maple, often decorated with paintings and marquetry, reflecting the social status of their owners. The region of Flanders, especially Antwerp, was famous for its harpsichords, with the Ruckers family being the most renowned builders.

Composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and Domenico Scarlatti wrote a vast repertoire for harpsichord, including suites, fugues, and sonatas. Bach's 'Well-Tempered Clavier' is a landmark, exploring all major and minor keys. Performance technique demanded precise fingerwork and the use of ornamentation like trills and mordents to enrich the melodic line.

Although the harpsichord fell out of use with the rise of the pianoforte in the late 18th century, a revival of interest occurred in the 20th century, driven by the historically informed performance (HIP) movement. Today, replicas of Baroque instruments are used in performances and recordings, and the harpsichord continues to enchant with its unmistakable timbre and its connection to musical past.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a harpsichord and a piano?

A harpsichord plucks strings with plectra, producing a bright tone with limited dynamic range. A piano strikes strings with hammers, allowing for variations in volume (piano and forte).

What are the main features of a Baroque harpsichord?

It typically had one or two manuals, stops for timbral changes, fine wood construction, and ornate decoration. Its sound was softer than a modern piano, ideal for chamber music.

Who were the greatest composers for harpsichord in the Baroque period?

Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and Domenico Scarlatti are the most famous. Bach wrote the 'Well-Tempered Clavier' and suites; Scarlatti composed over 550 sonatas for the instrument.