Gotthard tunnel switzerland

The Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland is the world's longest railway tunnel, stretching 57 kilometers.

About this subject

The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a marvel of Swiss engineering, inaugurated on June 1, 2016. At 57 km (35.4 miles) long, it surpassed the Seikan Tunnel in Japan as the world's longest railway tunnel. Situated in the Swiss Alps, it connects Erstfeld in the north to Bodio in the south, cutting travel time between Zurich and Milan by about one hour. Construction took 17 years and involved excavating 28.2 million cubic meters of rock, enough to fill the Great Pyramid of Giza 13 times.

The tunnel is part of the New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA/NEAT) project, aimed at improving freight and passenger transport across the Alps by shifting truck traffic to trains. The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a double-track tunnel with two parallel tubes connected by cross passages every 325 meters. Its deepest point is 2,300 meters below the surface. Internal temperatures reach 46°C, requiring advanced cooling systems.

Before the new tunnel, rail traffic crossed the Alps via the original Gotthard Rail Tunnel, opened in 1882 and measuring 15 km. That historic tunnel was an engineering feat of the 19th century. The new tunnel not only shortens journeys but also allows heavier freight trains and greater frequency, contributing to environmental sustainability. Switzerland invested about 12.2 billion Swiss francs in the project, a example of long-term planning.

The tunnel symbolizes Swiss precision and the ability to overcome geological challenges. During excavation, engineers faced faults, high-pressure zones, and extreme temperatures. The opening was celebrated with a special train carrying VIP guests, and the tunnel now operates 24/7. It attracts tourists interested in engineering, though passengers cannot disembark during the ride.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long did it take to build the Gotthard Base Tunnel?

Construction took 17 years, from 1999 to 2016. Preparatory work began in 1993, but main excavation started in 1999.

What is the maximum depth of the tunnel?

The deepest point is 2,300 meters below the surface, in the Gotthard massif area.

What is the difference between the Base Tunnel and the original Gotthard Rail Tunnel?

The original tunnel from 1882 is 15 km long and single-track, whereas the new tunnel is 57 km, double-track, straighter, and flatter, allowing passenger trains up to 250 km/h.