Concertina small

The small concertina is a portable bellows instrument, popular in European folk music, especially in Ireland and England.

About this subject

The small concertina, also known as the English or Anglo-Saxon concertina, is a free-reed bellows-driven musical instrument. Unlike the accordion, its two keyboards (manuals) move parallel to the bellows, enabling fast and articulated performance. It was invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1829 in England and quickly spread as a salon instrument and later in folk music.

In Irish folklore, the Anglo concertina (20 or 30 buttons) is one of the most characteristic instruments in traditional music sessions, alongside the fiddle, uilleann pipes, and bodhrán. Its bright timbre and ability to execute rapid ornamentation make it ideal for jigs and reels. The English version (double action, same note on push and pull) is more used in classical and British popular music.

Interestingly, the small concertina was carried by European immigrants to other parts of the world, such as South America, where it mixed with local rhythms. In Brazil, it was adopted in regions of European immigration but never reached the popularity of the sanfona (8-button accordion). The instrument is traditionally made of wood, metal, cardboard, and leather, and requires careful bellows maintenance to avoid leaks.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Anglo and English concertina?

In the Anglo concertina, each button produces two different notes (push and pull), while in the English concertina, each button produces the same note in both directions. Anglo is more common in Irish folk; English in classical and British popular music.

How many buttons does a typical small concertina have?

Common Anglo concertinas have 20 or 30 buttons (10 or 15 per side). English concertinas can range from 20 to 56 buttons. The number affects the tonal range and complexity of playable music.

Is the small concertina difficult to learn?

The concertina has a moderate learning curve. Its fingering differs from the accordion, but the bellows system is intuitive. Many beginners start with a 20-button Anglo, which has fewer options and makes learning traditional tunes easier.