Chinese cash coins string

A string of Chinese cash coins, typical of the imperial period, with a central square hole, tied together by a cord.

About this subject

Chinese cash coins were minted for over two millennia, from the Qin dynasty (3rd century BC) to the end of the Qing Empire in 1911. They are round with a central square hole, typically made of bronze or copper. The hole allowed coins to be strung on cords, making transport and counting easier in large quantities. This design symbolized the Chinese cosmological view: the circle represented heaven and the square, earth.

Each coin bore inscriptions with the reigning emperor's name and nominal value, varying by dynasty. Strings of coins, called "guàn" (贯), usually contained 1000 coins, but the number could vary across periods and regions. These strings served as a unit of exchange, and their value depended on the metal alloy, weight, and historical context.

Culturally, cash coins held great economic and ritual significance. They circulated not only in China but also influenced the monetary systems of neighboring countries like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Today, they are collectibles, subjects of numismatic study, and even used in feng shui practices where strings of coins are considered symbols of prosperity. Standardized minting during the Tang dynasty brought greater stability to trade, though the system eventually gave way to modern coins and paper money in the 20th century.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the purpose of the square hole in Chinese cash coins?

The square hole allowed multiple coins to be strung on cords, forming coin strings for easy transport and counting. The shape also symbolized the union of heaven (round) and earth (square).

How many coins were in a typical string?

A typical string, called _guàn_, usually contained 1000 coins, but the number could range from 100 to 1000 depending on the period and region.

Do these coins still hold value today?

Yes, they hold historical and collectible value. Some rare coins from specific dynasties can fetch high prices in the numismatic market, and they are also used in cultural practices like feng shui.