Autumn leaves falling

Dry leaves falling from deciduous trees during autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, a seasonal phenomenon that transforms urban and rural landscapes.

About this subject

Leaf fall in autumn is a biological process known as abscission, triggered by decreasing daylight and temperatures. Deciduous trees, such as maples, oaks, and beeches, shed their leaves to conserve water and energy during winter. Before falling, leaves lose chlorophyll, revealing yellow, orange, and red pigments that were masked. This natural spectacle is especially famous in New England (USA), Japan (momiji), and parts of Europe like Germany's Black Forest. In Brazil, the phenomenon is rare, occurring only in some exotic species at high-altitude regions like Campos do Jordão (SP). Decomposing leaves recycle essential nutrients, feeding microorganisms and enriching humus. Culturally, autumn has inspired poets like Pablo Neruda and painters like Van Gogh, who captured the ephemeral beauty of fallen leaves. In many cities, leaves are swept and composted, but in parks and forests, they form carpets that shelter small animals and insects.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do leaves change color in autumn?

Chlorophyll, the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis, breaks down due to reduced sunlight. This reveals carotenoids (yellow/orange) and anthocyanins (red/purple) that were present in the leaf.

Do all trees lose their leaves in autumn?

No. Deciduous trees shed leaves seasonally, while evergreens (like pines) retain their leaves year-round, adapted to cold or dry climates.

What happens to fallen leaves in nature?

They decompose through the action of fungi, bacteria, and invertebrates, releasing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus back into the soil, sustaining the ecosystem.