Versailles palace gardens

The gardens of the Palace of Versailles, designed by André Le Nôtre in the 17th century, are a masterpiece of French formal garden style and a symbol of Louis XIV's absolute monarchy.

About this subject

The gardens of the Palace of Versailles in France cover approximately 800 hectares (2,000 acres) and were designed between 1661 and 1700 by landscape architect André Le Nôtre. Commissioned by Louis XIV, the Sun King, they embody the imposition of human order over nature, reflecting the absolute monarchy. The geometric layout includes ornamental flower beds (parterres), groves, fountains, and the Grand Canal, which stretches over 1.5 km (0.93 miles) and was used for boat rides and aquatic spectacles.

More than 200,000 trees were planted, many brought from different regions of France and Europe. The fountains, fed by an innovative hydraulic system for the time, still partially operate using the original 17th-century technology, supplemented by modern electric pumps. Among the most famous is the Fountain of Apollo, depicting the sun god driving his chariot, a clear allusion to the Sun King.

The gardens were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, together with the palace, and receive about 10 million visitors annually. Although Le Nôtre's main layout has been preserved, modifications were made over the centuries, including the addition of the Le Nôtre Garden and the King's Garden. During Louis XIV's reign, the gardens hosted grand festivities, such as the famous 'Fête des Plaisirs' in 1664, which lasted three days.

Interestingly, garden maintenance involves constant pruning to maintain geometric shapes, and about 50 gardeners work on-site daily. The statues and vases adorning the flower beds are mostly original 17th-century works by sculptors such as François Girardon and Antoine Coysevox. The French formal garden style, as exemplified here, influenced parks and palaces across Europe, from Potsdam to Saint Petersburg.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles?

The gardens were designed by André Le Nôtre, the chief landscape architect of King Louis XIV, between 1661 and 1700.

How large are the Versailles gardens?

The gardens cover approximately 800 hectares, including the Grand Canal, groves, flower beds, and fountains.

Are the Versailles gardens open to the public?

Yes, the gardens are open to the public daily, with free entry most of the year, except on days with special events.