Submarine periscope view

View through a submarine periscope, an optical device that allows observation of the surface while submerged, essential for navigation and military tactics.

About this subject

The periscope is one of the most iconic instruments of submarines. It is an optical tube that uses prisms or mirrors to allow the crew to see above the water surface while the submarine remains submerged. Historically, the first recorded use of a periscope on a submarine was in the late 19th century, but it became crucial for stealth attacks during World War I. The basic design consists of a vertical tube with a prism at the top that captures the image and reflects it down through lenses to the observer. Modern periscopes are equipped with features such as zoom, image stabilization, and infrared sensors. Besides military use, they are also employed in oceanographic research and exploration. A curious fact is that the name derives from Greek 'peri' (around) and 'skopein' (to observe). The view through a periscope is usually limited to a narrow field and requires practice to interpret distances and angles. In current nuclear submarines, there is a trend to replace optical periscopes with electro-optical masts that use digital cameras and screens, but the concept remains the same.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main function of a periscope on submarines?

To allow the crew to observe the sea surface and horizon without the submarine having to surface, enabling safe navigation and stealth attacks.

How does a periscope work?

It uses prisms or mirrors to reflect light from one end of the tube to the other, forming an image in the operator's eyepiece.

Do modern submarines still use optical periscopes?

Many still do, but there is a transition to electro-optical masts with digital cameras and screens, which offer more flexibility and reduce the risk of detection.