St basil cathedral

Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is an iconic symbol of Russian architecture, renowned for its colorful onion domes.

About this subject

Saint Basil's Cathedral, located in Moscow's Red Square, was built between 1555 and 1561 by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan. Originally named the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat, its popular name comes from Saint Basil the Blessed, a holy fool buried on the site. The cathedral is not only a religious landmark but also a symbol of Russian expansion and centralization under Ivan.

The architectural design is unique, with no precedent in medieval Russian architecture. Instead of a central structure, the cathedral consists of nine independent chapels, each with its own altar and dome, arranged in an irregular floor plan. The vibrant colors of the onion domes, including red, green, blue, and gold, were not original: the polychromy was added in the 17th and 18th centuries. The architect remains unknown, with folklore claiming that Ivan blinded the builders to prevent them from creating another such masterpiece.

Today, the cathedral operates as a state museum, part of the State Historical Museum. In 1990, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Kremlin and Red Square ensemble. Religious services are held occasionally, especially during major Orthodox feasts. The structure suffered damage during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and under Soviet rule, but was restored. It remains one of the most photographed buildings in Russia and a globally recognized icon.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many domes does Saint Basil's Cathedral have?

The cathedral has nine onion domes, each corresponding to an independent chapel. They are painted in different colors and patterns, creating a visually striking composition.

Why is the cathedral called Saint Basil's?

The popular name comes from Saint Basil the Blessed, a holy fool who lived in Moscow in the 16th century. He was buried on the site where the cathedral was built, and his chapel was incorporated into the structure.

Is Saint Basil's Cathedral still used for worship?

Yes, although it primarily functions as a museum, the cathedral holds Orthodox services on special dates, such as the Feast of the Intercession, when the main altar is opened for celebrations.