St basil cathedral

St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is a symbol of Russian architecture, famous for its colorful onion domes and fascinating history.

About this subject

Located in Red Square, St. Basil's Cathedral was built between 1555 and 1561 by order of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan. Officially called the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat, the popular name derives from St. Basil the Blessed, a holy fool buried on the site. The architecture is unique: the cathedral consists of nine independent chapels, each with an onion dome, all different in color and pattern. No two domes are identical, creating a striking visual effect.

Legend has it that Ivan, after completion, blinded the architect Postnik Yakovlev so that he could never build anything so beautiful again. Although likely apocryphal, the story reflects the building's profound impact. The vibrant colors seen today were not part of the original design; they were added in the 17th and 18th centuries, influenced by Byzantine and Oriental art. The interior is equally rich, with frescoes and iconostases from various periods.

The cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990, along with the Kremlin and Red Square. During the Soviet era, it suffered damage and faced demolition threats, but was preserved as a museum. Today, it is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Russia, receiving millions of visitors annually. Although primarily a museum, occasional Orthodox services are held in some chapels. The cathedral is an icon not only of Moscow but of all Russian culture, representing the fusion of tradition and creativity.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does St. Basil's Cathedral have colorful domes?

The vibrant colors were added over the centuries, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were not part of the original design and symbolize the Heavenly Jerusalem, with each color representing a different spiritual aspect.

Who built St. Basil's Cathedral and why?

It was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1555 to celebrate the victory over the Khanate of Kazan. The chief architect was Postnik Yakovlev, though legend says he was blinded after completion.

Is St. Basil's Cathedral still used for religious services?

It currently functions as a museum, but Orthodox services are occasionally held in some chapels, especially during major festivities.