Red square moscow

Red Square in Moscow, the historic and political heart of Russia, houses St. Basil's Cathedral and the Kremlin.

About this subject

Red Square (Krasnaya ploshchad) is one of the most iconic squares in the world, located in the heart of Moscow, Russia. Its name does not derive from the communist red, but from the old Russian word "krasny", which meant "beautiful" or "red" (later associated with communism). Measuring approximately 330 meters long and 70 meters wide, the square has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1990, as part of the Kremlin and Red Square ensemble.

The square is surrounded by iconic structures: St. Basil's Cathedral (built between 1555 and 1561 by order of Ivan the Terrible), the Moscow Kremlin (a medieval fortress and seat of the Russian government), the State Historical Museum (in Neo-Russian style), and the GUM department store (now a luxury shopping center). At the center of the square lies Lenin's Mausoleum, where the embalmed body of Vladimir Lenin has been on display since 1924.

Historically, Red Square has been the stage for tsarist coronations, military parades (such as the famous November 7, 1941 parade during World War II), and political protests. The square also served as a public market and execution site. Today, it is a must-see tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors annually, especially during the Moscow Winter Festival when an ice skating rink is set up.

Trivia: St. Basil's Cathedral, with its colorful onion domes, was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of the Khanate of Kazan. Legend has it that Ivan blinded the architect Postnik Yakovlev so he could never build anything as beautiful again. Though the story is questionable, the cathedral remains the most recognizable symbol of Russia abroad.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is it called Red Square?

The name "Red" derives from the old Russian word "krasny", meaning "beautiful" or "red". Over time, the political meaning of red (associated with communism) also became linked to the square.

What are the main buildings on Red Square?

The main buildings are St. Basil's Cathedral, the Kremlin, Lenin's Mausoleum, the State Historical Museum, and the GUM department store.

Is Red Square open to the public?

Yes, the square is a public open space. However, entry to Lenin's Mausoleum is free but subject to security checks and queues. Access to the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral requires tickets.