Red square moscow

Moscow's Red Square, the political and cultural heart of Russia, houses the iconic St. Basil's Cathedral and Lenin's Mausoleum.

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Red Square, located in the heart of Moscow, is one of the world's most iconic squares. Approximately 330 meters long and 70 meters wide, it serves as the stage for military parades, national celebrations, and political rallies. Built in the 15th century, its name derives not from the red bricks of the Kremlin but from the Russian word "krasnaya," which historically meant "beautiful" or "central."

The surrounding architectural ensemble includes the Moscow Kremlin, St. Basil's Cathedral (with its iconic onion domes), and the State Historical Museum. St. Basil's Cathedral, commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1561, features nine interconnected chapels. Nearby, Lenin's Mausoleum, made of red and black granite, contains the preserved body of the Soviet leader in a glass sarcophagus. The square also marks the starting point of Tverskaya Street, the city's main thoroughfare.

Red Square has witnessed historic events such as the 1941 military parade, where Soviet troops marched directly to the front line against Nazi Germany. In the 1990s, the square hosted rock concerts, including a Rolling Stones performance in 1998. In 1990, UNESCO declared the Kremlin and Red Square a World Heritage site. Despite political changes, the square remains a symbol of Russian power and a tourist attraction drawing over 12 million visitors annually.

Interestingly, Red Square is open to the public 24 hours a day, though it is often closed for special events. In winter, an ice skating rink is set up, and Christmas fairs attract crowds. The square is also surrounded by luxury shops in the Tretyakov Gallery and GUM, one of Europe's largest shopping centers. The view of the square remains one of Russia's most recognizable postcards.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the origin of the name Red Square?

The name comes from the Old Russian word "krasnaya," meaning "beautiful" or "central," not from the color of the bricks. The modern translation as "red" is a historical misnomer.

Is Red Square always open to the public?

Yes, it is usually open 24 hours a day, but may be temporarily closed for official events, parades, or maintenance.

How many chapels does St. Basil's Cathedral have?

The cathedral has nine chapels, each with a different colored dome. They were built to symbolize the eight days of the siege of Kazan, plus a central one.