Parthenon athens columns

The Doric columns of the Parthenon in Athens are icons of classical Greek architecture and a symbol of Athenian democracy.

About this subject

The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena Parthenos, was built between 447 and 438 BC atop the Acropolis of Athens. Its 46 Doric columns support the entablature and pediment, following strict mathematical proportions. Each column stands approximately 10.4 meters tall, with a base diameter of 1.9 meters, gradually tapering toward the top (entasis) to correct optical illusions and create a sense of lightness.

Designed by architects Ictinus and Callicrates under the supervision of Phidias, the Parthenon epitomizes the Classical Greek period. The columns are made of Pentelic marble, quarried from Mount Pentelicus about 16 km from Athens. Each drum weighed several tons and was fitted precisely without mortar. The temple suffered damage over centuries: an explosion in 1687 during the Venetian siege, looting, and air pollution.

Today, the Parthenon is a UNESCO World Heritage Site undergoing continuous restoration, including the Parthenon Restoration Project (PRP) begun in 1983. Many original columns still stand, though some have been reassembled with modern materials for stability. The Doric column design has influenced architects from the Renaissance to Neoclassicism and remains one of the most recognizable symbols of Western civilization.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many columns does the Parthenon have?

The Parthenon has 46 Doric columns: 8 on the front and rear facades and 17 on each side (corner columns counted twice).

What is entasis in the Parthenon columns?

Entasis is a slight curve and taper in the columns to correct optical illusions, making them appear straight and harmonious from a distance.

Is the Parthenon in ruins?

Yes, the Parthenon is partially ruined due to explosions and earthquakes, but the main columns still stand and undergo constant restoration.