Old portuguese escudos

Old Portuguese escudos, gold and silver coins circulated from 1911 to the Euro, symbols of Lusitanian sovereignty.

About this subject

The Portuguese escudo was the official currency of Portugal for nearly a century, from 1911 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro. Its name derives from the Portuguese coat of arms, the escudo, which adorned the coins. The first republican issues, after the fall of the monarchy in 1910, featured the effigy of the Republic or the Cross of the Order of Christ. Escudo coins were minted in metals such as gold, silver, and bronze, with face values ranging from 1 centavo to 100 escudos. The currency's stability varied throughout the 20th century, with periods of high inflation, especially after the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Older coins, such as the 1 silver escudo from 1915 or the 10 gold escudos from 1920, are now highly valued collector's items. Portuguese numismatics also includes special issues, such as commemorative coins of the Discoveries, featuring figures like Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gama. The coin designs evolved with the regimes: during the Estado Novo (1933-1974), nationalist symbols predominated, such as the armillary sphere and the Cross of the Order of Christ. After democratization, coins began celebrating cultural and historical themes, like the effigy of Fernando Pessoa. For collectors, rarity and condition are crucial: specimens with sharp details and no wear can fetch high prices at auctions. The transition to the euro in 2002 abolished the escudo as legal tender, but the old pieces remain enduring symbols of Portuguese identity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the origin of the name 'escudo' for the Portuguese currency?

The name 'escudo' comes from the Portuguese coat of arms, which features a shield (escudo). Early republican coins displayed this heraldic symbol.

How can I authenticate an old Portuguese escudo coin?

Check weight, diameter, and mint marks. Genuine gold coins have a specific density. Consult numismatic catalogs and seek an expert opinion.

Which old Portuguese escudo is most valuable to collectors?

The 1920 10-escudo gold coin with the Republic's effigy is extremely rare. Other pieces like the 'Cavalinho' (1-escudo silver coin from 1915) are also highly sought after.