Mother and child at vaccination clinic

Mother takes child to a public vaccination clinic, a cornerstone of child health in Brazil.

About this subject

Childhood vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies in Brazil. The National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1973, offers free vaccines such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), BCG, pentavalent, and polio. Over 300 million doses are administered annually across the country, ensuring the eradication of polio since 1989 and control of measles. The scene of a mother with her child at a vaccination clinic is common, especially during national campaigns like the 2023 multivaccination drive, which updated the vaccination records of millions of children. Adherence to vaccination is essential to maintain high coverage rates and prevent the return of controlled diseases. In Brazil, vaccination is mandatory for children under 5 years old according to the National Vaccination Calendar, and it is a requirement for school enrollment. The mother's presence reinforces the role of the family in protecting child health. Public clinics and health posts across the country administer the shots, often with extended hours to improve access. In 2024, the Ministry of Health launched the National Movement for Vaccination, aiming to increase coverage rates, which had fallen to around 70% for some vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The image reflects the routine care that underpins collective health in Brazil.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which vaccines are mandatory for children in Brazil?

In Brazil, the National Vaccination Calendar includes vaccines such as BCG, hepatitis B, pentavalent, polio, rotavirus, 10-valent pneumococcal, meningococcal C, yellow fever, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), and DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis). They are mandatory for children under 5 years old.

Where can I get my child vaccinated for free?

Free vaccination is offered at Basic Health Units (UBS), health posts, and public clinics across Brazil. During campaigns, there are also mobile units and extended hours.

Why has vaccination coverage declined in recent years?

Vaccination coverage in Brazil declined due to factors such as misinformation about vaccines, vaccine hesitancy, access difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic, and cuts to health programs. In 2023, the Ministry of Health launched the National Movement for Vaccination to reverse this trend.