Loom weaving alpaca

Alpaca fiber is a noble material prized for its softness, lightness and thermoregulation, widely used in handweaving and industrial textiles.

About this subject

Alpaca fiber comes from camelids native to the Peruvian, Bolivian and Chilean Andes. There are two main breeds: Huacaya, with crimped, dense fiber, and Suri, with long, silky locks. Alpaca wool is hypoallergenic because it lacks lanolin, making it ideal for sensitive skin. Its hollow structure provides superior thermal insulation, keeping warmth in winter and coolness in summer.

Weaving with alpaca dates back to pre-Inca civilizations such as the Paracas and Nazca, who developed complex loom techniques. Today, Peru is the largest producer worldwide, with about 3.5 million alpacas. The fiber is classified by diameter: from baby alpaca (under 23 microns) to adult alpaca (up to 32 microns). Handwoven pieces on backstrap or pedal looms are highly valued in the luxury market.

In the context of the image, a table or pedal loom displays alpaca yarns in natural colors (white, beige, brown, gray) or dyed with plant dyes. The soft texture and silky sheen of Suri fiber contrast with the fuller weave of Huacaya. Alpaca is also blended with silk for extra luster or with sheep’s wool to reduce cost. Typical items include blankets, ponchos and scarves, but the fiber is also used for knitting and crochet yarns.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Huacaya and Suri alpaca fiber?

Huacaya has a crimped, dense fiber similar to sheep's wool, while Suri has long, smooth hairs that form silky locks. Huacaya is more common and used for soft, warm garments; Suri is rarer and prized for its silky sheen.

Does alpaca wool itch?

No. Because it contains no lanolin, alpaca fiber is hypoallergenic and does not cause itching, even on sensitive skin. It is ideal for babies and people with wool allergies.

How to care for alpaca garments?

Hand wash in cold water with mild soap or use a delicate machine cycle. Dry flat in the shade to avoid stretching. Do not wring. Store in a dry place protected from moths.