Harpsichord baroque

The harpsichord, a baroque keyboard instrument, produced sound by plucking strings, essential in 17th and 18th century music.

About this subject

The harpsichord, a keyboard instrument prominent during the Baroque era (1600-1750), produces sound by plucking strings with quills or plastic plectra, unlike the piano's hammer action. Its bright, metallic timbre defined much of the period's music. Originating in the 14th century, it reached its peak in European courts, especially in France, Italy, and England. Composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, François Couperin, and Domenico Scarlatti composed extensive repertoire for it, including suites, sonatas, and concertos.

Construction involves a wooden soundboard, typically of cypress or limewood, and a complex register mechanism allowing variation in volume through different string sets. Each key activates a jack that lifts the plectrum to pluck the string. Harpsichords could have one or two manuals (keyboards) and sometimes pedals to couple registers. The instrument was often ornately decorated with paintings and carvings, reflecting courtly luxury.

The harpsichord's role in Baroque music extended beyond its distinctive sound: it provided the continuo basis for harmonies in orchestral and chamber works. With the rise of the piano in the 18th century, it fell into disuse but was revived in the 20th century by historically informed performance movements. Today, artisan builders and digital replicas keep the tradition alive. A curiosity: the Portuguese word "cravo" derives from Latin "clavis" (key), referencing the keys.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a harpsichord and a piano?

A harpsichord plucks strings with plectra, producing a bright sound with no dynamic variation per key. A piano strikes strings with hammers, allowing volume control.

Which famous composers wrote for the harpsichord?

Bach, Couperin, Scarlatti, Handel, and Rameau are among the major Baroque composers who created works for the harpsichord.

Is the harpsichord still used today?

Yes, in historically informed performances and recordings. Replicas are made by artisans, and digital versions exist for practice and teaching.