Great pyramid giza closeup

The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex, is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one still intact.

About this subject

Located on the Giza plateau on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, the Great Pyramid was built between approximately 2580 and 2560 BC as the tomb of Pharaoh Khufu (also known as Cheops). Originally 146.6 meters high with a base side length of 230.33 meters, the pyramid lost its white limestone casing over centuries, reducing its height to 138.5 meters. It is estimated to have been constructed from about 2.3 million stone blocks, each averaging 2.5 tons, with some reaching up to 80 tons. The precision of the construction is remarkable: the base sides have an average error of only 58 millimeters in length, and the corners are almost perfect right angles.

The interior contains three main chambers: the King's Chamber, the Queen's Chamber, and the Subterranean Chamber, as well as a series of passages and galleries. The Grand Gallery, 47 meters long and 8.5 meters high, is a notable example of Egyptian engineering. The King's Chamber holds an empty granite sarcophagus; it is believed the pharaoh was buried there, but his body was never found. The pyramid is part of a larger funerary complex that includes two smaller pyramids (for queens) and the Great Sphinx.

The construction method remains debated. The most accepted theories involve internal or external ramps, levers, and sleds. Recent studies suggest that a now-dry branch of the Nile was used to transport stone blocks from quarries to the site. The pyramid is considered an architectural and mathematical feat, with its base nearly perfectly aligned to the cardinal points.

Today, the Great Pyramid is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world and a lasting symbol of Egyptian civilization. In 1979, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Giza complex. Despite natural wear and human activity, it retains its mystery and grandeur, attracting millions of visitors each year.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many stone blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid?

It is estimated that about 2.3 million stone blocks were used, weighing between 2.5 and 80 tons each.

Is the Great Pyramid still intact?

The main structure still stands, but it has lost its outer casing of white limestone and suffered erosion. It remains the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still exists.

What was found inside the King's Chamber?

An empty granite sarcophagus was found in the King's Chamber. The body of Pharaoh Khufu has never been discovered.