Concertina small

The small concertina is a free-reed instrument widely used in folk and traditional music, especially in Europe and Brazil.

About this subject

The small concertina, often called the piccolo concertina, is a smaller, higher-pitched variant of the traditional concertina. Invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1829 in England, this free-reed instrument differs from the accordion by its hexagonal shape and button system that produces distinct notes depending on bellows direction. There are two main systems: the English concertina, which is unisonoric (same note on push and pull), and the Anglo concertina, which is bisonoric (different notes in each direction). The latter is especially popular in Celtic and Irish music, where the compact size allows for rapid execution of ornamented melodies.

In Brazil, the small concertina has found a place in gaúcho music and forró, often being mistaken for the gaita-ponto or chromatic accordion. In folk festivals of Rio Grande do Sul, it is common in fandangos and milongas, accompanying guitar and viola. Traditional artisan construction uses wood, metal, and leather, but modern versions employ materials such as plastic and aluminum for durability and lightness.

Historically, the small concertina was associated with street musicians and folk revival bands in the 1970s. Renowned players like Noel Hill and John Kirkpatrick elevated its technique to virtuosic levels. Tuning can be equal temperament (like the piano) or just intonation (natural intervals), depending on musical style. The precision of the buttons and sensitivity of the bellows require years of practice, making it a challenging but rewarding instrument.

In terms of repertoire, the small concertina excels in Irish jigs, reels, and polkas, but also adapts to classical and experimental pieces. Contemporary groups such as The Drowsy Lads and Bellowhead use it in innovative arrangements. Its portability and penetrating sound make it ideal for acoustic sessions and studio recordings.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a small concertina?

It is a free-reed musical instrument, smaller and higher-pitched than the standard concertina. It has a hexagonal shape and buttons that produce notes as the bellows are moved.

What is the difference between a concertina and an accordion?

The concertina has a hexagonal shape, buttons instead of keys, and is often bisonoric (different notes on push and pull). The accordion has a rectangular shape, keys or buttons, and is usually unisonoric.

Where is the small concertina most commonly used?

In Irish and Celtic music, as well as Brazilian styles such as forró and gaúcho music. It also appears in folk revival and experimental groups.