Centipede macro detail

Microscopic details of a centipede reveal the complexity of its exoskeleton and sensory structures.

About this subject

Centipedes are arthropods of the class Chilopoda, characterized by elongated, segmented bodies with one pair of legs per segment. Unlike insects, they have long antennae and a pair of modified forcipules that inject venom. Nocturnal hunters, they feed on insects, spiders, and even small vertebrates. Found worldwide in moist soil, under rocks and logs, they are important natural pest controllers.

With over 3,000 described species, centipedes range from a few millimeters to over 30 cm, such as the Amazonian giant centipede (Scolopendra gigantea). Their vision is poor, compensated by antennae sensitive to vibrations and chemicals. The venom of larger species can cause intense pain and swelling in humans, though rarely fatal.

Interestingly, centipedes do not have 100 legs: they have one pair per segment, and the number of segments is always odd. The earliest centipedes appeared over 400 million years ago, in the Silurian period. Their ability to regenerate lost legs and their agility make them efficient predators.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are centipedes dangerous to humans?

Most centipedes have mild venom, but large species like Scolopendra can cause intense pain and swelling. Fatalities are extremely rare.

What is the difference between a centipede and a millipede?

Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment and are fast predators; millipedes have two pairs per segment, are slow, and feed on decaying vegetation.

How many legs does a centipede have?

Centipedes always have an odd number of leg pairs, ranging from 15 to over 170, but never exactly 100. The name is misleading.