Accordion bellows old

The accordion bellows are the pulsating heart of the instrument, generating the air that vibrates the reeds and produces sound, with construction techniques dating back to the 19th century.

About this subject

The accordion bellows consist of multiple folds made from cardboard or plastic, covered with fabric and leather, with metal parts ensuring an airtight seal. As the musician opens and closes the bellows, air flows through metal reeds that vibrate at different pitches according to the keys or buttons pressed. The quality of the bellows directly affects the instrument’s dynamic response and tone, requiring durable materials and skilled craftsmanship.

The modern accordion was patented by Cyrill Demian in Vienna in 1829, and bellows have since evolved in design and efficiency. Diatonic models, such as the Brazilian sanfona, typically have smaller, stiffer bellows, while chromatic concert accordions feature larger, more flexible ones, allowing greater air volume and note sustain. The number of folds and the opening system determine air pressure.

In Brazil, the eight-bass accordion (sanfona) became iconic in forró music, particularly through Luiz Gonzaga. Bellows in these instruments suffer from the humid Northeast climate, leading to the use of goatskin leather for added durability. Maintenance includes replacing reeds and resealing folds, a task requiring luthier expertise. Full bellows extension can exceed 15 cm depending on the model.

Interestingly, the bellows not only produce sound but also serve as a visual expression of the musician. The rhythmic opening and closing movement is part of the performance, especially in styles like Argentine chamamé or French musette. The concertina, an Irish relative, uses hexagonal bellows, but the principle remains the same: precise airflow control for dynamics and articulation.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do accordion bellows work?

The bellows are a foldable air chamber that, when opened and closed, forces air through metal reeds. Each reed vibrates at a specific frequency, producing musical notes as keys or buttons are pressed, allowing the musician to control the sound's intensity and duration.

What is the difference between diatonic and chromatic accordion bellows?

Diatonic accordions have smaller, stiffer bellows with shorter folds, ideal for short, bright notes. Chromatic accordions have larger, more flexible bellows with more folds, allowing greater air volume and note sustain, and providing a full range of semitones.

How to maintain accordion bellows?

Avoid excessive humidity, which can damage cardboard and leather. After use, wipe the bellows with a soft cloth and store in a ventilated area. Lubricate moving parts with specific products and have the seals checked periodically by a specialized luthier.