Versailles palace gardens

The Gardens of the Palace of Versailles, designed by André Le Nôtre in the 17th century, are a supreme example of French formal garden style, featuring geometric symmetry, ornate fountains, and a 1.6 km-long Grand Canal.

About this subject

The Gardens of the Palace of Versailles cover approximately 800 hectares and were created between 1661 and 1700 under the command of Louis XIV, the Sun King. Landscape architect André Le Nôtre designed a radial symmetry plan, with main axes extending from the Palace to the horizon. Water is a central element: there are over 50 fountains and water features, fed by a complex hydraulic system that used pumps from the Seine River. The Grand Canal, 1.6 km long and 62 m wide, was used for nautical festivals and to demonstrate royal power over nature.

Gardens are divided into sections such as the Parterre du Midi, the Parterre de Latone (with the famous Latona Fountain based on mythology), the Bosquet of the Enchanted Island, and the Apollo Garden. Each bosquet has a unique fountain, like the Neptune Fountain and the Dragon Fountain. During Louis XIV's reign, fountains only operated when the king passed by to save water. Today, during summer months, the 'Grandes Eaux Musicales' recreate the original sound and visual effects of the fountains.

Versailles gardens had immense influence: gardeners from across Europe studied the model, copied in palaces like Peterhof (Russia), Herrenchiemsee (Germany), and Queluz Palace (Portugal). Maintenance is challenging: trees need replanting every 50-70 years, and the water system was modernized in the 19th century. In 1979, the Palace and gardens were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and since 1995 a restoration plan aims to recreate Le Nôtre's original layout.

The gardens also host cultural events like the Fête des Plantes (plant festival) and contemporary art exhibitions. They receive over 6 million visitors annually, making them one of the most visited sites in France. Topiary pruning, lime tree avenues, and perfect lawns are maintained by a team of 80 gardeners working year-round.

Frequently Asked Questions

How were the Versailles gardens irrigated in the 17th century?

The hydraulic system used horse-powered pumps and windmills to lift water from the Seine to reservoirs. In 1686, the Machine de Marly was built to pump water from the Seine 3 km away, but it was never fully efficient.

How many fountains are in the Versailles gardens?

There are over 50 fountains and water features, including the Neptune Fountain, the Latona Fountain, and the Apollo Fountain. Many are decorated with bronze and marble sculptures depicting gods and mythological creatures.

Can I visit the Versailles gardens for free?

Yes, the gardens are free to visit most of the year, except on days of water shows (Grandes Eaux Musicales) or special festivals when a paid ticket is required.