Brazilian Supreme Court modernist exterior with reflecting pool

Modernist facade of the Brazilian Supreme Court in Brasília with reflecting pool, an icon of Oscar Niemeyer's architecture.

About this subject

The Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) is the highest judicial body in Brazil, located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. Designed by Oscar Niemeyer, the building was inaugurated in 1960 alongside the new federal capital. Its modernist architecture features curved lines, exposed concrete, and large glass panels, symbolizing transparency and openness. The reflecting pool in front of the facade is not merely aesthetic: it mirrors the building, creating a visual symmetry that evokes the search for balance and justice. The STF was part of Lúcio Costa's pilot plan, which organized the city into functional sectors. The square houses the three branches of government: the Executive (Palácio do Planalto), the Legislative (National Congress), and the Judiciary (STF). Niemeyer's selection to design Brasília's key public buildings cemented modernism as the official language of the Brazilian state. The STF is known for landmark decisions, such as upholding the Clean Record Law and recognizing same-sex civil unions. The building has undergone renovations over the years but retains its original features, and it is listed by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the function of the Brazilian Supreme Court?

The STF is Brazil's constitutional court, responsible for judging cases involving the Federal Constitution, such as direct actions of unconstitutionality and extraordinary appeals. It also tries authorities with privileged jurisdiction, such as the president and members of Congress.

Who designed the STF building?

The building was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, a leading figure in Brazilian modernism. He also designed other Brasília landmarks, such as the Palácio do Planalto and the National Congress.

Does the reflecting pool at the STF have any meaning?

Beyond its aesthetic value, the reflecting pool mirrors the building, symbolizing the pursuit of balance and transparency in justice. It is a recurring element in Niemeyer's work in Brasília.