St basil cathedral

St. Basil's Cathedral, on Moscow's Red Square, is an icon of Russian architecture and a globally recognized symbol.

About this subject

St. Basil's Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, was built between 1555 and 1561 by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan. A popular legend claims that Ivan had the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, blinded so that he could never create another masterpiece. However, historical records show Yakovlev later worked on other projects.

Its architecture is unique, consisting of nine interconnected chapels, each topped with a vibrantly colored and patterned onion dome. Unlike most Russian churches, which follow strict symmetry, St. Basil's features deliberate asymmetry, creating a dynamic and festive silhouette. Originally, the domes were gilded and the walls white; the current bright colors were added between the 17th and 19th centuries.

Over the centuries, the cathedral survived fires, Napoleon's invasion (during which French soldiers used it as a stable), and Soviet anti-religious campaigns. In 1928, it was turned into a museum, a function it still serves today. During World War II, it was painted gray to camouflage it from aerial attacks.

Since 1990, it has been part of the Red Square ensemble, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is one of the most photographed landmarks in Russia, attracting millions of visitors annually. Although no longer an active church, occasional religious services are held on special dates.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the real name of St. Basil's Cathedral?

Its official name is the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat. The common name St. Basil's comes from a holy fool buried on the site.

Why does the cathedral have colorful domes?

The colors were added in the 17th and 19th centuries, not part of the original design. They symbolically represent the Garden of Eden.

Is the cathedral still used for worship?

Rarely. It has been a museum since 1928, but on special occasions like Easter, religious services are held.