Leafcutter ant carrying

Leafcutter ants carry leaf fragments to their underground nests, a behavior essential for their fungus farming.

About this subject

Leafcutter ants belong to the genera Atta and Acromyrmex, found mainly in Central and South America. They are known for cutting and transporting leaf fragments, which are not eaten directly but used as substrate to cultivate fungi of the Lepiotaceae family. This fungus is the sole food source for the colony's larvae. Worker ants can carry leaves up to 50 times their own body weight, traveling hundreds of meters along organized trails. Colonies may house millions of individuals and occupy nests excavated up to 8 meters deep, with interconnected chambers. The symbiosis between ants and fungi evolved about 50 million years ago, becoming one of the most complex examples of agriculture in the animal kingdom. Leafcutter ants also play an important ecological role by aerating soil and dispersing seeds, although they are considered pests in agricultural areas.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do leafcutter ants carry leaves?

They do not eat the leaves directly. The leaves are used as substrate to cultivate a symbiotic fungus, which serves as food for the colony.

How large is a leafcutter ant colony?

Mature colonies can contain 3 to 8 million ants, with a nest covering up to 100 m² and chambers up to 8 m deep.

How do leafcutter ants communicate?

They use pheromones to mark trails, coordinate cutting, and warn of danger. They also perform antennal touches and dances.