Great pyramid giza closeup

Close-up photograph of the Great Pyramid of Giza, the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza necropolis, Egypt.

About this subject

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or Cheops, was built around 2560 BCE during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Located on the Giza Plateau near Cairo, it is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one still standing. Its construction required an estimated 2.3 million stone blocks, each weighing between 2.5 and 15 tons, totaling about 6 million tons.

Originally 146.6 meters (481 feet) tall, the pyramid lost approximately 10 meters due to the removal of its smooth white limestone casing and erosion. The square base measures 230.34 meters (755.6 feet) per side, covering an area of 5.3 hectares (13 acres). The sides are aligned almost perfectly with the cardinal points, with an average error of only three minutes of arc. Inside, it contains the King's Chamber, the Queen's Chamber, and the Grand Gallery, as well as air shafts that point toward specific stars.

The pyramid was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, though its burial goods were looted in antiquity. Construction is believed to have involved tens of thousands of skilled workers, not slaves, who lived in nearby worker villages. Techniques such as ramps, levers, and wooden sleds were used to transport and lift blocks, though the exact methods remain a subject of debate.

Today, the Giza pyramid complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most iconic tourist destinations worldwide. The Great Pyramid continues to fascinate researchers and visitors alike, inspiring studies in engineering, astronomy, and ancient Egyptian culture. Its preservation and study remain top priorities in Egyptology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the original height of the Great Pyramid?

The original height was 146.6 meters (481 feet). It now stands at about 138.8 meters (455 feet) due to the loss of its outer casing and erosion.

How were the stones of the Great Pyramid transported?

It is believed that the blocks were moved using wooden sleds over rolling logs, pulled by workers. Ramps made of earth and stone were built to lift the blocks into place.

What is inside the Great Pyramid?

Inside, there are the King's Chamber, the Queen's Chamber, the Grand Gallery, and air shafts. There are also corridors and underground chambers, but the burial goods were looted in antiquity.