Fungi mycelium network

Fungal mycelium network, an underground structure connecting plant roots and enabling nutrient exchange among different plant species.

About this subject

Mycelium is the vegetative part of fungi, composed of a network of hyphae. This filamentous structure grows in soil or organic substrates, playing a key role in decomposing organic matter and cycling nutrients. It is estimated that millions of kilometers of hyphae exist under each square meter of fertile soil, forming an intricate biological web.

Beyond decomposition, mycelium establishes mutualistic symbioses with plants, known as mycorrhizae. In this association, hyphae increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption by roots, while receiving carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. About 90% of terrestrial plants depend on these fungal partnerships to survive. This underground network, nicknamed the 'Wood Wide Web', allows trees to communicate and share resources, such as carbon and warning signals against pests.

The biotechnological potential of mycelium is vast. Its ability to degrade pollutants like hydrocarbons and pesticides is applied in bioremediation. Innovative companies use mycelium to produce biodegradable packaging, vegan leather, and thermal insulators, replacing synthetic materials. In design, grow mycelium is used to create sustainable objects that grow into molds.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is mycelium?

Mycelium is the vegetative part of fungi, composed of a network of filaments called hyphae. It grows in soil or organic matter and is responsible for nutrient absorption and decomposition.

How does mycelium help plants?

Through mycorrhizae, mycelium increases water and mineral absorption by plant roots in exchange for carbohydrates. This symbiosis is essential for the survival of most terrestrial plants.

What are the applications of mycelium?

Mycelium is used in bioremediation to degrade pollutants, in producing sustainable materials like biodegradable packaging and vegan leather, and in design for objects that grow into molds.